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Biomass to Renewable Energy Processes

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Bio Fuels Facts

Continuously increased consumption of fossil fuels, decreased availability of easily accessible fossil fuels, significant contributions to climate change and wildly fluctuating fuels prices have combine to challenge the reliability and sustainability of our current energy supply. A possible solution to this energy challenge, biomass energy production, heavily dependent on sugarcane and corn production, is vulnerable to the fluctuation of the feedstock price. New technologies need to be developed to convert abundant biomass such as lignocellulosic materials into energy products in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner.

An introduction to fundamental principles and practical applications, Biomass to Renewable Energy Processes explains the theories of biological processes, biomass materials and logistics, and conversion technologies for bioenergy products such as biogas, ethanol, butanol, biodiesel, and synthetic gases. The book discusses anaerobic digestion of waste materials for biogas and hydrogen production, bioethanol and biobutanol production from starch and cellulose, and biodiesel production from plant oils. It addresses thermal processes, including gasification and pyrolysis of agricultural residues and woody biomass. The text also covers pretreatment technologies, enzymatic reactions, fermentation, and microbiological metabolisms and pathways. It explores the engineering principles of biomass gasification and pyrolysis and potential end-products.

Editor Jay Cheng has assembled contributors from multiple engineering disciplines, reflecting the breadth and depth of the field. These experts discuss the fundamental principles of the processes for bioenergy production, supplying the background needed to understand and develop biofuel technologies. They provide the foundation for future work and development on what can be a clean, green, renewable, and sustainable energy source for years to come.

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The Benefits Of A Biodiesel Car

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Biodiesel is something that is starting to get a lot of attention. With high gas prices it is no surprise that alternative fuels are being seen as the next step in fueling our vehicles. Biodiesel is considered the best choice in alternative fuel because it burns clean, it is safe and it is cheap.

Biodiesel is made from vegetable oil. Using a renewable resource to get biodiesel means that with increased use the dependency on foreign oil will greatly diminish. Additionally, the profits for this country’s farmers will increase. The use of biodiesel essentially means a gain for the US economy. Additionally, biodiesel is safer for the environment as it does not produce harmful emissions or byproducts.

Biodiesel is unlike other alternative fuels in that it can be used in a regular diesel engine without the need for modifications. However, manufacturer warranties can become void when you use biodiesel. This is because manufactuers do not completely understand how prolonged use will effect the engine. So, if you use biodiesel in a vehicle that is not specifically made for biodiesel then you could risk voiding the warrenty.

A biodiesel car runs and works just like any other vehicle. It is just approved for use with biodiesel fuels. A biodiesel car is not a necessity to be able to use biodiesel fuel, but should a person be concerned about their warranty then a biodiesel car may be the best choice.

To take a look at a specific biodiesel car, there is the Bio-Beetle. This car was created because biodiesel fuel is so environmentally friendly. They are available as rental cars in both Florida and California. The Bio-Beetle uses the purest form of biodiesel. Some biodiesel sold as service stations only contains a fraction of biodiesel mixed with regular diesel. The Bio-Beetle is made to run on 100% biodiesel, not the blends.

There are many companies who are seeing the benefits of using biodiesel and who have started using biodiesel cars. In places where air pollution is a big concern, biodiesel cars are a great idea. Not only will using a biodiesel car keep pollution levels down, but it will also save money. Many large companies are saving hundreds of thousands of dollars every year using biodiesel cars.

Any car can be a biodiesel car, as mentioned. The main thing is the use of biodiesel fuel instead of regular fuel. Using biodiesel fuel is a smart choice. That is because biodiesel does not pollute the environment and costs far less then traditional fuel. In fact, biodiesel costs around 70 cents per gallon, which, as you know, is a far cry from the price of a gallon of traditional gas.

Any car can be a biodiesel car. The main thing is the use of biodiesel fuel instead of regular fuel. Using biodiesel fuel is a smart choice. That is because biodiesel does not pollute the environment and costs far less then traditional fuel. In fact, biodiesel costs around 70 cents per gallon, which, as you know, is a far cry from the price of a gallon of traditional gas.

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What is Biomass Energy?

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In short, biomass energy is the process of incinerating organic waste, such as dead trees, branches, yard clippings, crops, wood chips or sawdust, to create energy. Biomass is converted into energy through a relatively simple process, especially when compared to other manners used to obtain energy. First, the organic waste is collected at biomass power plants. The organic waste may have come from factories, farms or municipalities that participate in collecting homeowners’ yard waste. The waste is then burned at the biomass power plant in a furnace. The heat from the incineration boils water in an adjacent boiler and the steam then turns turbines and powers generators creating energy.

Many people are turning to biomass energy because biomass appears to be a more renewable, green energy source. First, there is a lot of organic waste out there that usually ends up in landfills.

For example, California generates more than sixty-million tons of organic waste annually, and five-million tons of that is used to generate electricity! Biomass energy provides a way to reduce landfill sizes and landfill emissions. The second reason is that biomass energy is considered a carbon-neutral source of energy. Before organic waste becomes waste, it is comprised of living plants. These plants consume and store carbon dioxide during their life cycle. When incinerated, the organic waste releases the same amount of carbon dioxide that it consumed during its life cycle. For example, one cornhusk soaks up the same amount of energy during its lifecycle that it releases once incinerated. Then, as more plants are replanted to replace the incinerated ones, it will close the carbon dioxide cycle.

Biomass energy, which includes all forms of organic waste (including animal waste), currently supplies about fifteen times more energy to Americans than both wind and solar power. However, biomass energy accounts for just over 1% of the total electricity used in the United States.

Advocates of biomass energy state that we will see numerous environmental benefits—improved air quality, reduced erosion and the reduction of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides. Opponents of biomass energy claim that it is not a carbon-neutral source of energy, since the biomass power plants consume a substantial amount of energy that is not included in the typical equation that makes biomass neutral. In theory, one cornhusk will consume the same amount of carbon dioxide in its life cycle that it will emit once incinerated, however, there are other costs in the process, such as transporting biomass and powering the power plant. So, in the end, the entire process of converting organic waste to energy may not be carbon-neutral.

Biomass energy is an interesting topic because we are still debating whether or not it is better than the use of fossil fuels. There are many benefits and there are also many drawbacks. EnviroCitizen.org suggests that you do your own research and find out what your position on biomass energy is.

Envirocitizen.org is a comprehensive ecommerce website that combines robust commerce, content, and community.  We believe that we have created the most comprehensive site to date to make eco-friendly products, services, and information available to individuals who wish to live a green, more eco-friendly lifestyle.  Our site offers a very broad and diverse array of eco-friendly products as well as comprehensive, authoritative information and environmental education.  Additionally, users can enjoy the sense of community created by participating in our Forum.

Key Costs And The Future

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Key Costs And The Future

The Future Of Biomass: Technology developments, key costs and the future outlook

Biomass has always been an important source of energy for mankind and today it accounts for 10% of primary energy consumption. Most of this is traditional fuels used for cooking and heating in the developing world. In the developed world until the end of the last century its use was mainly restricted to niche applications such as combined heat and power generation in the wood and paper industries. Today the perception of biomass is changing and it is being recognized once more as a valuable modern fuel that can provide a renewable energy to replace fossil fuel in power generation. As a consequence its use is growing at it is set to become one of the major renewable sources over then next two decades.

Biomass consists of all the plant material on the surface of the earth (and in the seas if algae are included). Almost two thirds of the total is regenerated each year during seasonal growth. The total regenerated is probably equivalent to more than three times total global energy consumption in 2008. Around 3% of this is used each year, mostly in the form of wood.

Key features of this report

Analysis of biomass technologies concepts and components.

Clarification of the market for biomass and future growth.

Assessment of new renewable energy technology analysis including innovation, infrastructure investment.

Insight relating to the most innovative product launches and potential areas of opportunity for manufacturers.

Examination of the key technology introductions and innovations.

Scope of this report

Achieve a quick and comprehensive understanding of how biomass market trends and infrastructure are influencing the development of the renewable energy market.

Realize up to date competitive intelligence through a comprehensive review of biomass technology concepts in the recent electricity infrastructure and renewable energy market.

Assess the emerging trends in renewable energy technology – biomass – grid connection and energy distribution.

Key Market Issues

Environmental requirements: The growth of carbon dioxide emissions globally are creating a path for lower carbon emitting power generation technologies. Biomass as fuel is carbon neutral since while it releases carbon into the atmosphere when burnt, the growth of new biomass absorbs the same amount carbon from the atmosphere. As a consequence it offers a valuable renewable source of energy.

Legislative issues: The use of biomass as an energy source raises a number of environmental and legislative issues. One of the most difficult is that of maintaining a balance between land for the production of energy crops and land for producing food. Additional questions arise when waste materials are used to produce energy. Agricultural wastes are a valuable fuel source but part of each crop must be returned to the land if soil quality is not to deteriorate. A significant part of municipal waste can be burnt too but some of it is better recycled. Additionally, the combustion of biomass produces a number of potential pollutants in addition to releasing carbon dioxide and these must normally be controlled.

Key findings from this report

In 2005 biomass provided around 1.3% of total global electricity production. By 2050 this could rise to between 3.4% and 5.8% of total electricity production.

By definition, biomass comprises all the plant life on the surface of the earth. In its 2001 Survey of Energy Resources, the World Energy Council put the total biomass on the surface of the earth at 220bn oven dry tonnes, equivalent to 4,500EJ of energy. This definition may require modifying if algae become a major source of biomass energy since algae grow in water.

Actual usage today is around 50EJ, or 10% of the estimated 500EJ of total global energy consumption in 2008. This is roughly 77% of the total renewable contribution (including hydropower) to primary energy consumption.

Key questions answered

What are the drivers shaping and influencing new technology development in the electricity industry?

How will renewable energy technologies be connected and integrated into the existing grid network?

What is the biomass power generation system going to cost?

What are the components of the biomass power generation system?

Which biomass types will be the winners and which the losers?

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Future of Oil

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Article by Frezel Enriquez

Future of Oil
Existing oil production capacity inevitably shrinks over time due to falling reservoir pressures and water breakthrough. Estimates of the annual global decline rate range between 4% and 5%, or a decline of 2.9 mb/d to 3.7 mb/d production capacity. This is what the industry has to add each year just to stand still.

2. The depletion rate is the percentage of the remaining oil that is produced each year. It should not be confused with the decline rate (above), although in some circumstances the numbers are identical.
Recently, oil futures have been down on the New York Stock Exchange, as analysts from several different countries are predicting a surge in biofuel availability which would offset the value of oil, dropping crude oil prices on the international market to $ 40 per barrel or thereabouts.

The Chicago Stock Exchange has a grain futures market which is starting to steal